Class 7 Chapter 6. NOMADIC AND DENOTIFIED TRIBES

Standard 7

Social Studies 

Chapter 6. 

NOMADIC AND DENOTIFIED TRIBES

Exercise: 

Q. 1. Match the appropriate pairs:

Ans. (1-F), (2-A), (3-D), (4-B), (5-C).

Q. 2. Fill in the blanks:

1. The tribes which are continuously migrating from one place to another are called _________________.

2. ____________and ____________ have been set up for educating children of Nomadic and Denotified tribes.

3. Collection of merchandise was recognised as ____________________

Ans. 1. Nomadic or Denotified tribes

2. Residential schools, hostels

3. Vanjar (Tandu)

Q. 3. State whether the following statements are 'True' or 'False' :

1. The government has announced housing loan schemes for Nomadic people.

2. Nomadic and Denotified tribes like Nat, Bajaniya, Kangasia live in Gujarat.

3. The Nats. Bajaniya live in 'Ness'.

4. Shah Jahan has mentioned about works of Vanzaras in his writings.

Ans. 1. False.    2. True.     3. False.     4. False

Q. 4. Answer the following questions:

Q. (1) What kind of exchange took place between Nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers? Why?

Ans. Nomadic pastoralists used to buy grains, clothes, utensils and other items from the permanent farmers and in return they used to give other items like wool, ghee, etc. In this way, the goods were exchanged between Nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers.

Q.(2) State the efforts made by the government for the development and uplift-ment of the Nomadic and Denotified tribes.

Ans. The efforts made by the government for the development and upliftment of the Nomadic and Denotified tribes are as follows:

(1) In 1952, after the independence, the Government of India liberated these Nomadic and Denotified tribes from the 'Black Act of the Criminal Tribes Act-1871, enacted by the British government and gave the respectable status of 'Denotified tribes'.

(2) For the development of these tribes and preservation of their culture, the government conducted a special study and prepared a detailed report in 2008. Based on that report, they were given constitutional status of 'Nomadic and Denotified tribes and given human rights.

(3) The Government of India has implemented special plans for the development of Nomadic and Denotified tribes by placing them in the most backward tribes. The plans include the matters to make them permanent. Special residential schools and hostels have been set up for the children of these castes.

(4) The Central Government and the State Governments have made efforts to merge such tribes into the main stream through some special schemes/plans for their upliftment.

(5) The government has created an atmosphere to secure employment for them by providing the facilities like education, health, sanitation, housing, etc.

Q. (3) Why had the Rabaris (Maldharis) of Kutch to migrate in summer?

Ans. Rabaris (Maldharis) of Kutch depend on animal husbandry for their livelihood. They keep sheep. goats and camels. Most of the region of Kutch is desert. There is very less rainfall here in the monsoon.

Therefore, in summer, there is a severe shortage of water and fodder in Kutch. This forces the Rabaris (Maldharis) of Kutch to migrate in search of water and fodder to save their livestock.

Q. (4) What are the tricks performed by the Nat to entertain people?

OR

Q. Which tricks are performed by the Nats to entertain people?

Ans. Nats perform tricks like magic tricks, walking on a rope, walking on a stick as well as other physical skills to entertain people.

(5) How were Vanzaras important for the economy?

Ans. Vanzara was the most important Nomadic caste of India. Sultan Alauddin Khilji of the Delhi Sultanate used Vanzaras to transport grain and goods to the markets of Delhi. In the time of Mughal Emperor Jahangir, Vanzaras used to load oxen and sold grain in the cities. During the war, the Vanzaras used to bring grains and goods for the Mughal army through ox carts. Moreover, Vanzaras used to take many goods from India to Central Asia and from there, many goods were brought to India. Thus, they acted as a link between India and the world.

Thus, the merchants (Vanzaras) played an important role in the economy by transporting grains and essential commodities from one region to another.

BHAKTI AGE RELIGIOUS SECTS AND SAINTS - CLASS 7

Social Science 

Gujarat Board 

class 7

Chapter 7  : BHAKTI AGE: RELIGIOUS SECTS AND SAINTS

EXERCISE QUESTION

Question. 1. Answer the following questions in one sentence:

Question (1). Name the saints who led the religious movement in South India.

Answer. The saints named Shankaracharya and Ramanujacharya led the religious movement in South India.

Question (2). Who chanted the mantra 'Haribol' in Bengal?

Answer. Chaitanya Mahaprabhu chanted the mantra 'Haribol in Bengal.

Question (3). Which texts were composed by Tulsidas?

Answer. Tulsidas composed the popular texts named 'Ramcharitmanas' and 'Vinayapatrika'.

Question (4). Poems of which saints are included in the holy book of Sikhs, 'Guru Granth Sahib'?

Answer. Poems of saint Kabir are included in the holy book of Sikhs, 'Guru Granth Sahib'.

Question (5). Who was the first Sufi saint in India?

Ans. Moinuddin Chishti was the first Sufi saint in India.

Extra Questions 

Question (1). Which is an important event in the medieval cultural development of India?

Answer. Bhakti and Sufi Movement is an important event in the medieval cultural development of India.

Question (2). What is the form of God according to the saints?

Answer. According to the saints, God is Nirguna, formless and undescribable.

Question (3). What did the saints oppose?

Answer. The saints opposed idol worship and rituals.

Question (4). Of what did the Bhakti Movement open the door for all?

Answer. The Bhakti Movement opened the door of self-realization for all.

Question (5). It is believed that which saint started the Bhakti Movement?

Answer. It is believed that Ramanujacharya started the Bhakti Movement.

Question (6). Which great saints were born in Bengal?

Answer. Great saints like Jaydev and Chaitanya Mahaprabhu were born in Bengal.

Question (7). Who was the important saint of monotheism?

Answer. Kabir was the important saint of monotheism.

Question (8). Which saint was the guru brother of Kabir?

Answer. Saint Raidas was a guru brother of Kabir.

Question (9). Which is the holy book of Sikhs ?

Answer. The holy book of Sikhs is 'Guru Granth Sahib'.

Question (10).Which epic of Tulsidas is very popular even today?

Answer. Tulsidas' epic 'Ramcharitmanas' is very popular even today.

Question (11). Which bhajan of Narsinh Mehta has become popular today? 

Answer. The bhajan "Vaishnavjan to tene kahiye..." has become popular today.

Question (12). What has Narsinh Mehta said while singing the glory of Lord Krishna?

Answer. While singing the glory of Lord Krishna, Narsinh Mehta has said that "With the help of Lord Krishna, human beings can overcome any adversity".

Question (13) Whose devotee was Mirabai ?

Ans. Mirabai was a devotee of Shri Krishna.

Question (14).Who started the Bhakti Movement in Maharashtra? What did he write at the age of only 15 years?

Answer. Saint Gyaneshwar started the Bhakti Movement in Maharashtra. He wrote a criticism on Bhagwad Geeta, 'Gyaneshwari' at the age of only 15 years.

Q. 9. Give the introduction of following saints in two-three sentences:

(1) Shankaracharya. (2) Chaitanya Mahaprabhu. (3) Guru Nanak. (4) Tulsidas

Answer: 

(1) Shankaracharya : Shankaracharya was the great saint of India. He was born in Kaldi village of South India. His father's name was Shivguru and mother's name was Ambabai (Aaimba). He became famous as a Jagadguru. He was an ardent preacher of Hinduism. He began religious reform activities in South India in the eighth century.

(2) Chaitanya Mahaprabhu: Chaitanya Mahaprabhu was born in Navdeep (Nadiya) city of Bengal in 1485 AD. He was the last Acharya of the Vaishnava tradition. By composing Krishnabhakti songs, he chanted the mantra of 'Haribol' in Bengal. 

(3) Guru Nanak.: In 1469 AD. Guru Nanak was born in Talwandi village of Lahore district (present in Pakistan) in Punjab. Guru Nanak was a founder of the Sikh religion. He was the saint of Nirguna branch. His disciples are known as 'Sikh'. 'Guru Granth Sahib is a holy book of the Sikh religion.

(4) Tulsidas :Tulsidas was born in 1532 AD. Tulsidas was a great saint of North India. He became a sage in his youth. He was a great writer. He composed popular texts like 'Ramcharitmanas' and 'Vinayapatrika'. His epic 'Ramcharitmanas' is very popular even today. He died in 1623 AD.

chapter 6 Mauryan age Chandragupta and Emperor Ashoka

 chapter 6 Mauryan age Chandragupta and Emperor Ashoka

Class 6 Social Studies 

chapter 6 Mauryan age Chandragupta and Emperor Ashoka

Exercise 

Q. 1. Choose the correct alternative and write correct answer:

1. In all of Chandragupta's achievements, which of his mentors played an important role in guiding him?

A. Guru Drona. B. Guru Sandipant. C. Guru Chanakya. D. Guru Vishwamitra

2. Which of the texts written by Chanakya provides information about the social. politicial and economic system of the time?

A. Ethics. B. Sociology. C. Mudrarakshsa. D. Arthashastra

3. Bindusar appointed Ashoka as the governor of which province ?

A. Avanti. B. Takshashila. C. Patliputra. D. Ujjain

4. Where did Ashoka send Sanghmitra for propogation of Buddhism?

A. Syria. B. Ceylon. C. Myanmar. D. Egypt

5. Which of the following was the language of most of Ashoka's writings?

A. Iranian. B. Pali. C. Prakrit. D. Brahmi

Ans. 1. Guru Chanakya. 2. Arthashastra. 3. Avanti. 4. Ceylon. 5. Prakrit

Q. 2. Answer the following questions in short:

(1) How far was Ashoka's vast empire spread?

Ans. The vast empire of Emperor Ashoka was spread at the north-western border from Kandahar to Peshavar, in the north to Nepal, in the south to Mysore (present Karnataka), Gujarat-Saurashtra in the west, Kalinga (present Odisha) in the east.

(2) What were the consequences of Chandragupta's war with Seleucus?

Ans. After the victory in the war with Seleucus, Chandragupta conquered four territories. Being impressed by the bravery of Chandragupta, Seleucus Nicator married his daughter Helena with him. Seleucus sent his ambassador to the court of Chandragupta. Thus, after the war with Seleucus the diplomatic relations developed between India and the Greeks.

(3) Into how many divisions was the Mauryan empire divided for administrative ease?

Ans. The Mauryan empire was divided into three divisions for administrative ease.

(4) Ashoka emphasized on propagation of which of Gautam Buddha's principles?

Ans. Ashoka emphasized on the propagation of Gautam Buddha's principles like love, kindness, compassion, non-violence, virtue, etc.

(5) State the functions of an officer appointed as a governor.

Ans. The functions of an officer appointed as a governor were as follows: (1) To maintain peace and security throughout the province. (2) To collect revenue. (3) To obey the orders of the king. (4) To keep the emperor constantly aware of the events taking place in the province.

Q.3. Tell whether the following statements are true or false:

1. 'India' was written by Magasthenes, while 'Mudrarakshas' was written by Kalhan'.

2. The task of Dhamma Mahamatra was to propagate Jainism, and raise the moral standard of the people.

3. Chandragupta had spent his last days in Shravan Belgauda.

4. During the time of Bindusar, Magadh separated from the Mauryan empire.

5. Ashoka embraced Buddhism following teachings of Upagupta.

Ans. 1. False. 2. False. 3. True. 4. False. 5. True

 

Extra Questions MCQ 

1. State the period of the reign of Chandragupta Maurya.

✓A. 321 BC to 297 BC. B. 273 BC to 232 BC. C. 232 BC to 219 BC. D. 297 BC to 273 BC

2. Which source is not included for getting knowledge about the Mauryan dynasty?

A. 'Arthashastra'. B. 'Indica'. ✓C. 'Meghadoot. D. 'Mudrarakshas'

3. Which Greek king did Chandragupta Maurya defeat?

A. Sikandar. B. Megasthenes. ✓C. Seleucus. D. Philip

4. Which tribe (Gotra) did Chanakya belong to?

A. Bharadwaj. ✓B. Kautilya. C. Varun. D. Atri

5. Which Greek ambassador came to the court of Chandragupta?

A. Nicator. B. Sikandar. ✓C. Megasthenes. D. Hiuen Tsang

6. Which book of Megasthenes provides basic information about the Magadh empire?

A. Deepvansh. B. Mahavansh. ✓C. Indica. D. Arthashastra

7. Whom did Chandragupta appoint as the governor of Girinagar (Junagadh)?

A. Vishnugupta. ✓B. Pushyagupta. C. Bindusar. D. Sushim

8. Which lake was built by Pushyagupta in Girinagar?

A. Malav lake. ✓B. Sudarshan lake. C. Sahastralinga lake. D. Mansar lake

9. With which Jain muni (monk) did Chandragupta spend the last years of his life?

A. Merutangacharya. B. Shilagunasuri. ✓C. Bhadrabahu. D. Buddhisagar

10. At which place did Chandragupta Maurya spend his last years?

A. Vaishali. B. Patliputra. C. Kandahar. ✓D. Shravan Belgauda

11. Who wrote the drama Mudrarakshas?

A. Kalhan. ✓B. Vishakhadutt. C. Kautilya. D. Panini

12. Which is the oldest and longest road in Asia?

✓A. Grand Trunk Road. B. Kolkata to Agra Road. C. Delhi to Mumbai Road. 

D. Kolkata to Delhi Road

13. Who constructed 'The Grand Trunk Road' a second time?

A. Ashoka. B. Bindusar. ✓C. Shershah Suri. D. Akbar

14. Whom did Bindusar appoint as the governor of Avanti?

A. Sushim. B. Pushyagupta. ✓C. Ashoka. D. Upagupta

15. From the teachings of which Buddhist monk did Ashoka adopt Buddhism?

A. Gautam Buddha. ✓B. Upagupta. C. Anand. D. Mogliputta Tishya

16. Which Buddhist conference did Ashoka convene?

A. The First. ✓B. The Third. C. The Second. D. The Fourth

17. On whose presidential post did Ashoka convene the third Buddhist conference?

     A. Sunghamitra. B. Vasumitra. ✓C. Mogliputta Tishya. D. Upagupta

18. By what name was the head of the agriculture department known in the Mauryan dynasty?

A. Mahaakshapatal. ✓B. Sitadhyaksha. C. Mudradhyaksha. D. Panyadhyaksha

19. In which district of Gujarat is Ashoka's inscriptions located?

A. Amreli. ✓B. Junagadh. C. Surendranagar. D. Rajkot

20. In which subject was Chanakya a scholar?

✓A. Arthashastra. B. Tarkashastra. C. Samajshastra. D. Manasshastra

21. After achieving victory in which war was Ashoka's heart changed?

A. Kaushambi. B. Ujjain. C. Takshashila. ✓D. Kalinga

22. Who rebuilt the Grand Trunk Road during British rule?

A. Wellesley. B. Daferine. ✓C. Dalhousie. D. William Bentick

23. Who came to the throne of Magadh after the death of Chandragupta?

A. Kunal. B. Dasharath. C. Devavarma. ✓D. Bindusar

24. Against which king of Kalinga did Ashoka fight?

✓A. Jayant. B. Shashank. C. Devavarma. D. Ambhik

25. What was the name of Ashoka's father?

✓A. Bimbisar. C. Chandragupta Maurya. B. Bindusar. D. Ajatashatru

26. Which was the smallest unit of administration during the Mauryan rule?

A. Aahar. B. Sangrahan. C. Gop. ✓D. Gram

27. Who was the last king of the Mauryan dynasty?

A. Samprati. ✓B. Brihadrath. C. Jailoka. D. Kunal

Define guidance and explain specifically the principles of guidance.

Define guidance and explain specifically the principles of guidance.

Guidance is a structured, continuous process of providing expert assistance to individuals, helping them understand themselves, their potential, and their environment to make informed, independent decisions. It aims at personal, educational, and vocational adjustment through self-direction rather than direct advice. 

Key Principles of Guidance

1. Principle of Universality (All-Inclusive): Guidance is for everyone, not just those with problems, at all stages of life.

2. Principle of Individual Differences: Recognizes that every individual is unique in interests, abilities, and needs, requiring tailored guidance.

3. Principle of Self-Direction: The ultimate goal is to empower the individual to solve their own problems and make independent decisions.

4. Principle of Holistic Development: Focuses on the total development of the person—physical, mental, emotional, and social.

5. Principle of Continuity: Guidance is a lifelong, systematic process rather than a one-time event.

6. Principle of Adjustment: Helps individuals adapt to their environment, including school, home, and society.

7 . Principle of Expert Assistance: It requires qualified professionals to provide effective guidance services.

8.Principle of Evaluation: Guidance programs must be regularly assessed to measure their effectiveness and improve services.

9.  Principle of Flexibility: The process should adapt to changing individual and societal needs.

10.  Principle of Cooperation: It is a collaborative effort between the guide, the individual, and 

sometimes parents or teachers. 

These principles ensure that guidance remains a respectful, purposeful, and effective process for personal growth. 

Why guidance is necessary in present times ?

Why guidance is necessary in present times ?

Guidance is crucial today for navigating rapid technological, social, and economic shifts, offering structured, informed decision-making amid overwhelming options. It is essential for managing increased stress, developing holistic personalities, and ensuring proper educational and vocational choices. It helps individuals understand their strengths, fostering mental balance and ethical decision-making. 

 

Key Reasons Why Guidance is Necessary Today:

1. Navigating Complexity and Choices: Modern life presents a vast, often overwhelming, array of career and personal choices; guidance helps individuals select paths that maximize potential and align with their skills.

2. Mental Health and Emotional Balance: With rising pressures, anxiety, and social challenges, guidance provides essential emotional support and helps young people maintain mental and spiritual balance.

3. Educational and Vocational Guidance: It ensures students choose appropriate courses and careers in a highly competitive market, preventing misinformed decisions that could waste talent.

4. Holistic Development: Beyond academic achievement, guidance focuses on developing personal, social, and emotional skills, cultivating a well-adjusted individual.

5. Adjusting to Rapid Changes: It helps individuals adapt to shifting environments, new technologies, and evolving social norms, ensuring personal growth and stability.

Preventive Support: Guidance acts as a preventative measure against problems like substance abuse, delinquency, and poor mental health by guiding individuals toward positive choices. 

Essentially, in a fast-paced world, guidance acts as a compass, ensuring that both personal potential and societal resources are utilized efficiently.